Pampiri ena e hlahisa ts'ebetso ea welding ea mochini oa botlolo ea botlolo ea khalase ho tsoa likarolong tse tharo
Ntlha ea pele: ts'ebetso ea ho cheselletsa botlolo ea botlolo le libotlolo tsa khalase, ho kenyeletsoa welding ea spray ea letsoho, welding ea plasma spray, welding ea laser spray, joalo-joalo.
Mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho tjheseletsa ha hlobo - plasma spray welding, e sa tsoa etsa likhatelopele tse ncha kantle ho naha, ka ntlafatso ea theknoloji le mesebetsi e ntlafalitsoeng haholo, e tsejoang ka hore ke "micro plasma spray welding".
Micro plasma spray welding e ka thusa lik'hamphani tsa hlobo haholo ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa matsete le theko ea thepa, tlhokomelo ea nako e telele le litšenyehelo tsa tšebeliso ea thepa, 'me thepa e ka fafatsa mefuta e mengata ea mesebetsi. Ho fetola feela hlooho ea tjheseletsa ea tjheseletsa ho ka kopana le litlhoko tsa tjheseletsa tsa spray tsa li-workpieces tse fapaneng.
2.1 Ke moelelo ofe o tobileng oa "powder e entsoeng ka nickel-based alloy solder"?
Ke ho se utloisisane ho nka "nickel" e le thepa ea ho roala, ha e le hantle, phofo e entsoeng ka nickel-based alloy solder ke motsoako o entsoeng ka nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), boron (B) le silicon (Si). Alloy ena e khetholloa ka ntlha ea eona e tlaase ea ho qhibiliha, ho tloha ho 1,020 ° C ho ea ho 1,050 ° C.
Ntho e ka sehloohong e lebisang ts'ebelisong e atileng ea li-powders tsa nickel-based alloy solder (nickel, chromium, boron, silicon) joalo ka lisebelisoa tsa ho roala 'marakeng kaofela ke hore litlolo tse entsoeng ka nickel-based alloy solder tse nang le boholo ba likaroloana tse fapaneng li khothalelitsoe ka matla' marakeng. . Hape, li-alloys tse thehiloeng ho nickel li kentsoe habonolo ke oxy-fuel gas welding (OFW) ho tloha methating ea bona ea pele ka lebaka la boemo ba bona bo tlase ba ho qhibiliha, boreleli, le boiketlo ba ho laola puddle ea weld.
Oxygen Fuel Gas Welding (OFW) e na le mekhahlelo e 'meli e fapaneng: mohato oa pele, o bitsoang sethala sa deposition, moo phofo ea welding e qhibilihang ebe e khomarela holim'a workpiece; E qhibilihisitsoe bakeng sa compaction le ho fokotsa porosity.
'Nete e tlameha ho hlahisoa ke hore seo ho thoeng ke sethala sa ho qhibiliha se finyelloa ke phapang pakeng tsa tšepe ea motheo le alloy nickel, e ka' nang ea e-ba tšepe e entsoeng ka ferritic e nang le ntlha ea ho qhibiliha ea 1,350 ho 1,400 ° C kapa ho qhibiliha. ntlha ea 1,370 ho 1,500 ° C ea C40 carbon steel (UNI 7845-78). Ke phapang ea ntlha ea ho qhibiliha e tiisang hore li-alloys tsa nickel, chromium, boron le silicon li ke ke tsa baka ho qhibiliha ha tšepe ea motheo ha li le mocheso oa sethala sa ho qhibiliha.
Leha ho le joalo, nickel alloy deposition e ka boela ea finyelloa ka ho kenya sefaha se thata sa terata ntle le tlhokahalo ea ts'ebetso ea ho tsosolosa: sena se hloka thuso ea ho fetisoa ha plasma arc welding (PTA).
2.2 "Nickel-based alloy solder powder" e sebelisetsoang ho koahela punch / konokono indastering ea khalase ea botlolo
Ka lebaka la mabaka ana, indasteri ea likhalase ka tlhaho e khethile li-alloys tse thehiloeng ho nickel bakeng sa ho roala ka thata holim'a libaka tsa punch. Ho kenngoa ha li-alloys tse thehiloeng ho nickel ho ka finyelloa ka ho cheselletsa khase ea oxy-fuel (OFW) kapa ka supersonic flame spraying (HVOF), ha ts'ebetso ea ho qhibilihisa e ka finyelloa ka lisebelisoa tsa ho futhumatsa ka induction kapa oxy-fuel gas welding (OFW) hape. . Hape, phapang pakeng tsa tšepe ea motheo le alloy ea nickel ke eona ntho ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa e hlokahalang, ho seng joalo ho koala ho ke ke ha khoneha.
Nickel, chromium, boron, li-silicon alloys li ka finyelloa ka ho sebelisa Plasma Transfer Arc Technology (PTA), e kang Plasma Welding (PTAW), kapa Tungsten Inert Gas Welding (GTAW), ha feela moreki a e-na le workshop bakeng sa ho lokisa khase e sa sebetseng.
Ho thatafala ha li-alloys tse thehiloeng ho nickel ho fapana ho ea ka litlhoko tsa mosebetsi, empa hangata ho pakeng tsa 30 HRC le 60 HRC.
2.3 Sebakeng sa mocheso o phahameng, khatello ea li-alloys tse thehiloeng ho nickel e batla e le khōlō
Ho thatafala ho boletsoeng ka holimo ho bolela ho thatafala ha mocheso oa kamore. Leha ho le joalo, libakeng tse sebetsang tsa mocheso o phahameng, ho thatafala ha li-alloys tse thehiloeng ho nickel ho fokotseha.
Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe ka holimo, le hoja boima ba li-alloys tse thehiloeng ho cobalt bo le tlase ho feta li-alloys tse thehiloeng ho nickel mocheso oa kamore, ho thatafala ha li-alloys tse thehiloeng ho cobalt ho matla haholo ho feta ha li-alloys tse thehiloeng ho nickel mocheso o phahameng (joalo ka ho sebetsa ha hlobo. mocheso).
Kerafo e latelang e bonts'a phetoho ea boima ba li-powder tse fapaneng tsa alloy solder ka mocheso o ntseng o eketseha:
2.4 Moelelo o tobileng oa "cobalt-based alloy solder powder" ke ofe?
Ha re nka cobalt e le thepa e koahelang, ha e le hantle ke motsoako o entsoeng ka cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), tungsten (W), kapa cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), le molybdenum (Mo). Hangata e bitsoa "Stellite" solder powder, li-alloys tse thehiloeng ho cobalt li na le li-carbides le li-borides ho iketsetsa boima ba tsona. Li-alloys tse ling tse thehiloeng ho cobalt li na le 2.5% ea carbon. Ntho e ka sehloohong ea li-alloys tse thehiloeng ho cobalt ke ho thatafala ha tsona esita le ka mocheso o phahameng.
2.5 Mathata a kopaneng nakong ea ho beoa ha li-alloys tse thehiloeng ho cobalt holim'a punch / mantlha:
Bothata bo ka sehloohong ba ho behoa ha li-alloys tse thehiloeng ho cobalt bo amana le boemo ba bona bo phahameng ba ho qhibiliha. Ha e le hantle, ho qhibiliha ha li-alloys tse thehiloeng ho cobalt ke 1,375 ~ 1,400 ° C, hoo e batlang e le sebaka se qhibilihisang sa carbon steel le tšepe ea tšepe. Ka boikaketsi, haeba re ne re tlameha ho sebelisa oxy-fuel gas welding (OFW) kapa hypersonic flame spraying (HVOF), joale nakong ea "remelting" sethaleng, tšepe ea motheo e ne e tla boela e qhibilihe.
Khetho e le 'ngoe feela e sebetsang ea ho kenya phofo e thehiloeng ho cobalt holim'a punch / core ke: Transferred Plasma Arc (PTA).
2.6 Mabapi le ho pholisa
Joalokaha ho hlalositsoe ka holimo, tšebeliso ea Oxygen Fuel Gas Welding (OFW) le Hypersonic Flame Spray (HVOF) mekhoa e bolela hore lera la phofo le behiloeng ka nako e le 'ngoe le qhibiliha le ho khomarela. Mokhahlelong o latelang oa remelting, sefaha sa weld se kopantsoeng se kopane 'me li-pores li tlatsitsoe.
Ho ka bonoa hore kamano pakeng tsa bokaholimo ba tšepe ea motheo le bokaholimo ba cladding e nepahetse ebile ha e na tšitiso. Lithunya tekong li ne li le moleng o tšoanang oa tlhahiso (botlolo), litebele tse sebelisang oxy-fuel gas welding (OFW) kapa supersonic flame spraying (HVOF), litebele tse sebelisang plasma transferred arc (PTA), tse bonts'itsoeng ka mokhoa o ts'oanang Tlas'a khatello ea moea e pholileng. , mocheso oa mocheso oa plasma transfer arc (PTA) o tlase ho 100 ° C.
2.7 Mabapi le ho sebetsa ka mechine
Machining ke ts'ebetso ea bohlokoa haholo tlhahisong ea punch/core. Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe ka holimo, ho kotsi haholo ho kenya phofo ea solder (ka li-punches / cores) ka boima bo fokotsehileng haholo mochesong o phahameng. Le leng la mabaka ke mabapi le machining; ho sebetsa ka 60HRC hardness alloy solder powder ho thata haholo, ho qobella bareki ho khetha li-parameter tse tlase feela ha ba beha lisebelisoa tsa ho fetola (ho fetola lebelo la sesebelisoa, lebelo la fepa, botebo ...). Ho sebelisa mokhoa o ts'oanang oa ho tjheseletsa ka spray ho 45HRC alloy powder ho bonolo haholo; lisebelisoa tsa ho fetola lisebelisoa li ka boela tsa behoa holimo, 'me mochine ka boeona o tla ba bonolo ho o phetha.
2.8 Hoo e ka bang boima ba phofo ea solder e kentsoeng
Mekhoa ea ts'ebetso ea oxy-fuel gas welding (OFW) le supersonic flame spraying (HVOF) e na le litekanyetso tse phahameng haholo tsa tahlehelo ea phofo, e ka bang holimo ho 70% ho khomarela thepa ea ho roala ho workpiece. Haeba ho tjheseletsa setlolo ho hloka ligrama tse 30 tsa phofo ea solder, sena se bolela hore sethunya sa welding se lokela ho fafatsa ligrama tse 100 tsa phofo ea solder.
Ho fihlela joale, tekanyo ea tahlehelo ea phofo ea theknoloji ea plasma e fetisitsoeng ea arc (PTA) e ka bang 3% ho 5%. Bakeng sa mokokotlo o ts'oanang oa ho fofa, sethunya sa welding se hloka feela ho fafatsa ligrama tse 32 tsa phofo ea solder.
2.9 Ka nako ea deposition
Linako tsa ho tjheseletsa gase ya Oxy-fuel (OFW) le supersonic flame spraying (HVOF) di a tshwana. Mohlala, nako ea ho beha le ho khutlisa ea mantlha e tšoanang ke metsotso e 5. Theknoloji ea Plasma Transferred Arc (PTA) e boetse e hloka metsotso e tšoanang ea 5 ho finyella ho thatafala ka ho feletseng ha sebaka sa mosebetsi (plasma transferred arc).
Litšoantšo tse ka tlase li bontša liphello tsa papiso pakeng tsa mekhoa ena e 'meli le ho fetisoa ha plasma arc welding (PTA).
Papiso ea litebele bakeng sa li-cladding tse thehiloeng ho nickel le li-cobalt-based cladding. Liphetho tsa liteko tse mathang moleng o tšoanang oa tlhahiso li bonts'itse hore litebele tse thehiloeng ho cobalt li nkile nako e telele ea 3 ho feta litebele tse thehiloeng ho nickel, 'me litebele tse thehiloeng ho cobalt ha lia ka tsa bontša "ho senyeha". le likarabo mabapi le puisano le Monghali Claudio Corni, setsebi sa ho cheselletsa sefaha sa Motaliana, mabapi le ho chesoa ka botlalo ha sekoti.
Potso ea 1: Lera la tjheseletsa le botenya bo bokae ho tjheseletsa sekoti ka botlalo? Na Solder Layer Thickness Ama Tshebetso?
Karabo ea 1: Ke fana ka maikutlo a hore boholo bo boholo ba lera la welding ke 2 ~ 2.5mm, 'me amplitude ea oscillation e behiloe ho 5mm; haeba moreki a sebelisa boleng bo boholo bo boholo, bothata ba "lap joint" bo ka 'na ba kopana le bona.
Potso ea 2: Ke hobane'ng ha u sa sebelise swing e kholoanyane OSC = 30mm karolong e otlolohileng (e khothalletsoang ho beha 5mm)? Na see se ne se ke ke sa sebetsa hantle haholoanyane? Na ho na le bohlokoa bo khethehileng ho 5mm swing?
Karabo ea 2: Ke khothaletsa hore karolo e otlolohileng e sebelise ho swing ea 5mm ho boloka mocheso o nepahetseng holim'a hlobo;
Haeba ho sebelisoa swing ea 30mm, ho tlameha ho behoa lebelo le liehang haholo la ho fafatsa, mocheso oa workpiece o tla ba o phahameng haholo, 'me ho hlapolloa ha tšepe ea motheo ho ba holimo haholo,' me ho thatafala ha thepa ea ho tlatsa e lahlehileng e ka ba 10 HRC. Ntho e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa eo ho nahanoang ka eona ke khatello e bakoang ke mosebetsi (ka lebaka la mocheso o phahameng), e leng ho eketsang monyetla oa ho senya.
Ka ho sisinyeha ha bophara ba 5mm, lebelo la mohala le potlakile, taolo e ntle ka ho fetisisa e ka fumanoa, likhutlo tse ntle li thehoa, thepa ea mochine oa thepa ea ho tlatsa e bolokiloe, 'me tahlehelo ke 2 ~ 3 HRC feela.
Q3: Ke litlhoko life tsa ho hlophisoa ha phofo ea solder? Ke phofo efe ea solder e loketseng ho tjheseletsa ha cavity spray?
A3: Ke khothaletsa mohlala oa solder powder 30PSP, haeba ho phunyeha ho etsahala, sebelisa 23PSP holim'a liforomo tsa tšepe tse entsoeng ka tšepe (sebelisa mohlala oa PP holim'a liforomo tsa koporo).
Q4: Lebaka la ho khetha tšepe ea ductile ke lefe? Bothata ke bofe ka ho sebelisa grey cast iron?
Karabo ea 4: Europe, hangata re sebelisa nodular cast iron, hobane nodular cast iron (mabitso a mabeli a Senyesemane: Nodular cast iron le Ductile cast iron), lebitso le fumanoa hobane graphite e nang le eona e teng ka mokhoa o chitja tlas'a microscope; ho fapana le mekhahlelo Plate e entsoeng ka tšepe e bohlooho e entsoeng ka tšepe (ha e le hantle, e ka bitsoa ka mokhoa o nepahetseng "tšepe ea laminate"). Liphapang tse joalo tsa metsoako li etsa qeto ea phapang e kholo pakeng tsa tšepe ea ductile le laminate cast iron: li-spheres li etsa hore ho be le khanyetso ea geometri ho phatlalatsoa ha mapheo 'me kahoo li fumana tšobotsi ea bohlokoa haholo ea ductility. Ho feta moo, mofuta o chitja oa graphite, o fuoang tekanyo e lekanang, o nka sebaka se senyenyane, se bakang tšenyo e fokolang ea thepa, kahoo e fumana bophahamo ba thepa. Ho tloha morao nakong ea tšebeliso ea eona ea pele ea indasteri ka 1948, tšepe ea ductile e fetohile mokhoa o motle oa ho sebelisa tšepe (le litšepe tse ling), e leng se nolofalletsang litšenyehelo tse tlaase, ts'ebetso e phahameng.
Ts'ebetso ea phallo ea tšepe ea ductile ka lebaka la litšoaneleho tsa eona, e kopantsoe le ho seha habonolo le litšobotsi tse fapaneng tsa ho hanyetsa tsa tšepe e entsoeng ka tšepe, tekanyo e ntle ea ho hula / boima.
boqhetseke bo botle
theko e tlase
Litšenyehelo tsa yuniti li na le khanyetso e ntle
Motsoako o babatsehang oa thepa ea tensile le elongation
Potso ea 5: Ke eng e molemo bakeng sa ho tšoarella ka boima bo phahameng le boima bo tlaase?
A5: Mofuta oohle ke 35 ~ 21 HRC, ke khothaletsa ho sebelisa phofo ea solder ea 30 PSP ho fumana boleng ba boima bo haufi le 28 HRC.
Bothata ha bo amane ka ho toba le bophelo ba hlobo, phapang e kholo bophelong ba tšebeletso ke tsela eo bokaholimo ba hlobo bo "koaheletsoeng" le thepa e sebelisoang.
Ho tjheseletsa ka letsoho, motsoako wa sebele (welding material and base base) oa hlobo e fumanoeng ha o tšoane le oa plasma ea PTA, 'me hangata li-scratches li hlaha ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso ea khalase.
Potso ea 6: Mokhoa oa ho etsa tjheseletso e felletseng ea sekoti se kahare? Joang ho lemoha le ho laola boleng ba lera la solder?
Karabo ea 6: Ke khothaletsa ho beha lebelo le tlaase la phofo ho PTA welder, eseng ho feta 10RPM; ho qala ka lehlakoreng la mahetla, boloka sebaka se le 5mm ho tjheseletsa lifaha tse bapileng.
Ngola qetellong:
Mehleng ea phetoho e potlakileng ea thekenoloji, saense le thekenoloji li khanna tsoelo-pele ea likhoebo le sechaba; spray welding ea workpiece e tšoanang e ka finyelloa ka mekhoa e fapaneng. Bakeng sa fektheri ea hlobo, ntle le ho nahana ka litlhoko tsa bareki ba eona, ts'ebetso e lokelang ho sebelisoa, e boetse e lokela ho ela hloko ts'ebetso ea litšenyehelo tsa matsete a thepa, ho feto-fetoha ha thepa, tlhokomelo le litšenyehelo tse sebelisoang hamorao, le hore na thepa e ka koahela mefuta e mengata ea lihlahisoa. Ha ho pelaelo hore welding ea Micro plasma spray e fana ka khetho e betere bakeng sa lifeme tsa hlobo.
Nako ea poso: Jun-17-2022